It also highlights the presence of macular holes, retinoschisis, or detachments. OCT provides a regular measurement of retinal and choroidal thickness, plus the presence of subretinal or intraretinal fluid. It is suitable for diagnosing and monitoring retinal pigment epithelium atrophy, myopic CNV, and myopic tractional maculopathy. Spectral-domain optical coherence topography (OCT) is non-invasive, quick, and widely available. Animal studies have also found the placement of both positive and negative lenses that defocus images on the retina can promote or inhibit eye growth. The predominating theory is that the increased time spent accommodating during near reading promotes signals for eye growth.
DEGENERATIVE MYOPIA BILATERAL DRIVER
Likewise, a shift towards urbanization and higher education is thought to be a significant driver of the increasing prevalence of myopia among schoolchildren. There is some evidence to suggest that spending more time outdoors is protective against the development of myopia. The pathogenicity of genetic mutations is difficult to identify due to variable gene expression and interactions. Gene studies have identified 25 different genetic loci in association with non-syndromic myopia. For the syndromic myopias, which include Marfans and Sticklers syndrome, the implicated genes are involved in the extracellular matrix of the sclera. Several genetic variants have been associated with the development of myopia.
Familial clustering in myopia is evident in twin studies and high sibling risk ratios. Myopia is attributable to a complex interaction between genetics and the environment.
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